[English-Español] INMUNOTERAPIAS: EL LARGO CAMINO DEL CIENTÍFICO AL PACIENTE

Immunotherapies: The long road of science to the patient
Immunotherapies: The long road of science to the patient
In the "Science Café" two specialists reviewed the challenges in the laboratory of immunotherapies against cancer.
Tuesday August 11, 2020
The last "Science Café" was devoted to "immunotherapies: How does research to the clinic? The long road of science to the patient "by the leader of the laboratory molecular and functional Glico-Oncology at the Institute of Biological Chemistry at the Faculty of Sciences Natural (IQUIBICEN - CONICET), Diego Laderach, and its wide driving, Dr. French Biological and Medical Sciences, Daniel Compagno, with the moderation of scientific journalist, Valeria Roman. The experts discussed experiences and challenges in the laboratory in a speech that aired on the YouTube channel of the C3.

According to an article published in the British medical journal The Lancet, cancer is the leading cause of death in developed countries. In our country, according to the National Cancer Institute, it is the second leading cause of death with a constant evolution. "A major problem of global and local public health," said Laderach. In 2008, Laderach with Daniel Compagno formed the "Glico-Oncology Molecular and Functional" group at the Faculty of Natural-IQUIBICEN, which aims to report new knowledge that can be transferred to strategies immunotherapies for cancer "from basic view. They are not doctors, we do not cure every day, but we evaluate new strategies to be good can be used by physicians in the future, "they stressed.

"Immunotherapy for cancer is to help empower cells of the immune system against cancer cells. The immune system is the natural mechanism of our body and does well also to protect us from viruses, parasites, among others, "said Laderach. "Faced with immunotherapies one can become disillusioned or persist and understand why do not work. The scientist must believe in the potential of immunotherapy against cancer "and described some ideas. "First, the number of cells that make up our body and its dynamics, an adult has 40 trillion cells to die and each can be altered moment", which are subject to genetic, environmental, nutritional not always benign. "Today we live with chemicals that promote cancer, he adds that we live increasingly, as time passes, repair mechanisms are less efficient," described the leader of the laboratory. A data analyzing the impact of global and local cancer, one of every 500 people develop cancer.
"According to the biomedical community considered very promising immunotherapy for the treatment of cancer. There are more than 3600 clinical trials using immunotherapies for cancer, including trials of our country "which makes ask them how they might be as efficient fails to eliminate these cells:" In most individuals the system immune functions well; in others, the transformed cells manage to escape the immune control becoming a cancer and do what is in their power to turn to the immune system. "
Galectins are a family of proteins that recognize sugars (referred to as 11 different galectins in humans), are molecules produced by tumors to turn off the immune system. In 2008, scholars formed a research group in our country and decided to study these proteins in prostate cancer. They began making a prediction expression of galectins in patients suffering from this disease and analyze whether they change during the progression of prostate cancer. "The study demonstrated that has a characteristic expression profile of galectins: Gal-1 is expressed abundantly in prostate carcinoma and increases when progressing to more serious stages. What is observed is that it produces new blood vessels and allows the tumor to grow. " In other words, tumors inhibit the proliferation of immune cells, "unless welded to battle" sums. "Regulating levels Gal-1 in immune cells is counteracted tumor inhibition". From this, they are now developing strategies to inhibit Gal-1 specifically in immune cells. This is an example of immunotherapy against cancer is research in the laboratory "that may have potential transfer into the patient, but it is far" Laderach closes.
To see the full conversation and learn more enter https: / / www. Youtube. com / watch? v = MYq3zvqM-fI
The "Café des Sciences" is a series of talks led by a / a researcher / a French / a and a / a argentino / a with the participation of the general public, which meets to discuss issues that revolve around the science and technology. Given the current context, they are carried by virtually YouTube channel C3 until further notice.
The cycle is organized by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation with the Institut français d'Argentine, the French Embassy in Argentina, the Cultural Center of Science C3 and the French Alliance of Buenos Aires.
DisertantesDiego on Laderach: Independent Investigator in Molecular Immunology and Biochemistry of the Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Science Natural (IQUIBICEN - CONICET), head of the laboratory "Glico-Oncology Molecular and Functional".
Daniel Compagno: Doctor of Biological Sciences and Medical Segalen Bordeaux University, France, Independent researcher of the Institute of Biological Chemistry of the Faculty of Sciences Natural (IQUIBICEN - CONICET).
Inmunoterapias: El largo camino del científico al paciente
Inmunoterapias: El largo camino del científico al paciente
En el "Café de las Ciencias" dos especialistas repasaron los desafíos en el laboratorio de las inmunoterapias contra el cáncer.
martes 11 de agosto de 2020
El último "Café de las Ciencias" estuvo dedicado a "Inmunoterapias: ¿Cómo llega una investigación hasta la clínica? El largo camino del científico al paciente" a cargo del líder del laboratorio Glico-Oncología molecular y funcional del Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN - CONICET), Diego Laderach, y su par en la conducción, el doctor francés en Ciencias Biológicas y Médicas, Daniel Compagno, con la moderación de la periodista científica, Valeria Román. Los especialistas abordaron experiencias y desafíos en el laboratorio en una charla que se transmitió por el canal de YouTube del C3.

Según un artículo publicado en la revista médica británica The Lancet, el cáncer es la primera causa de muerte en los países desarrollados. En nuestro país, según el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer, es la segunda causa de muerte con una constante evolución. "Un problema mayor de salud pública mundial y local", explicó Laderach. En el 2008, Laderach junto a Daniel Compagno formaron el grupo "Glico-Oncología Molecular y Funcional" en la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales-IQUIBICEN, que tiene como objetivo reportar nuevos conocimientos que puedan transferirse a estrategias de inmunoterapias para cáncer"desde un punto de vista básico. No somos médicos, no estamos en la cura día a día, sino que evaluamos nuevas estrategias que de ser buenas puedan ser utilizadas por médicos en un futuro", subrayaron.

"Inmunoterapia para cáncer consiste en ayudar en potenciar a las células del sistema inmunitario contra las células cancerosas. El sistema inmune es el mecanismo natural de nuestro organismo y lo hace bien, además, de protegernos de virus, parásitos, entre otros", explicó Laderach. "Frente a las inmunoterapias uno puede desilusionarse o persistir y comprender por qué no funcionan. El científico debe creer en la potencialidad de la inmunoterapia contra el cáncer" y describió algunas ideas. "En primer lugar, el número de células que componen nuestro cuerpo y su dinámica, una persona adulta tiene 40 billones de células a un momento dado y cada una puede sufrir alteraciones", las cuales están sometidas a factores genéticos, ambientales, nutricionales no siempre benignos. "En la actualidad convivimos con productos químicos que promueven el cáncer, se le agrega que vivimos cada vez más, a medida que pasa el tiempo, los mecanismos de reparación son menos eficientes", describió el líder del laboratorio. Al analizar datos de incidencia del cáncer mundial y local, una de cada 500 personas desarrolla cáncer.
"Según la comunidad biomédica considera muy prometedora a la inmunoterapia para el tratamiento del cáncer. Existen más de 3600 ensayos clínicos que utilizan inmunoterapias para cáncer, incluidos ensayos de nuestro país" lo que les hace preguntarse cómo puede ser que siendo tan eficiente no logra eliminar a estas células: "En la mayoría de los individuos el sistema inmune funciona bien; en otros, las células transformadas logran escapar al control inmunitario transformándose en un cáncer y hacen lo que está a su alcance para apagar al sistema inmune".
Las galectinas son una familia de proteínas que reconocen azúcares (se conocen como 11 galectinas diferentes en humanos), son moléculas producidas por los tumores para apagar el sistema inmunitario. En 2008, los especialistas formaron un grupo de investigación en nuestro país y decidieron estudiar estas proteínas en el cáncer de próstata. Comenzaron haciendo una predicción de la expresión de las galectinas en los pacientes que padecían esta enfermedad y analizar si éstas cambian durante la progresión del cáncer de próstata. "El estudio demostró que tiene un perfil característico de expresión de galectinas: la Gal-1 se expresa de manera abundante en el carcinoma prostático y aumenta cuando progresa en estadíos más graves. Lo que se observa es que produce nuevos vasos sanguíneos y le permite crecer al tumor". En otras palabras, los tumores inhiben la multiplicación de las células inmunes, "menos soldadas para dar batalla", resume. "Regulando los niveles de Gal-1 en las células inmunes se logra contrarrestar la inhibición tumoral". A partir de esto, actualmente están desarrollando estrategias para inhibir Gal-1 específicamente en las células inmunes. Esto es un ejemplo de inmunoterapia contra el cáncer que está en investigación en el laboratorio "que puede tener un potencial de transferencia en el paciente, pero está muy lejos", cierra Laderach.
Para ver la charla completa y conocer más ingresar a https:/ / www. youtube. com/ watch?v=MYq3zvqM-fI
El "Café de las Ciencias" es un ciclo de charlas encabezado por un/ a investigador/ a francés/ a y uno/ a argentino/ a con la participación del público en general, que se reúne para conversar sobre temas que giran en torno a la ciencia y la tecnología. Dado el contexto actual, las mismas se realizan de manera virtual por el canal de YouTube del C3, hasta nuevo aviso.
El ciclo está organizado por el Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación junto al Institut français d'Argentine, la Embajada de Francia en Argentina, el Centro Cultural de la Ciencia C3 y la Alianza Francesa de Buenos Aires.
Sobre los disertantesDiego Laderach: Investigador Independiente en Inmunología Molecular y Bioquímica del Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN - CONICET), líder del laboratorio "Glico-Oncología Molecular y Funcional".
Daniel Compagno: Doctor en Ciencias Biológicas y Médicas de la Universidad Bordeaux Segalen, Francia, investigador Independiente del Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN - CONICET).

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